❇️️️ Globalization :-
๐นThe fundamental element of globalization as a concept is ' flow' . There are many types of flows such as free flow of goods, capital, labor and ideas from one part of the world to another .
๐นGlobalization is also called globalization and it is a multidimensional concept . It is neither a mere economic phenomenon nor merely a cultural or political phenomenon.
❇️️️ Due to globalization :-
๐นAdvanced technology and worldwide interconnectedness due to which the world has become a global village today.
๐นTelegraph , telephone, microchip, Internet and other information technology means have revolutionized communication between different parts of the world.
๐นInternational cooperation to deal with global environmental problems such as tsunami, climate change, global warming .
❇️️ Features of Globalization :-
๐นDynamic and free flow of capital, labour, goods and ideas.
๐นCapitalist system, openness and increase in world trade.
๐นInterdependence and interdependence between countries.
๐นGlobal cooperation and impact on various economic events such as recession and boom and epidemics such as anthrax, Ebola, HIV AIDS, swine flu.
❇️️ Examples of Globalization :-
๐นAvailability of various foreign goods in India.
๐นTo provide youth with various new career opportunities.
๐นTo provide service to any Indian according to American calendar and time.
๐นSome farmers commit suicide due to crop failure.
๐นMany retail traders fear that due to the introduction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in retail, big retail companies will come and their employment will be lost.
๐นIncrease in economic inequality among the people.
Note:- These examples can be both positive and negative in nature.
❇️️ Positive effects of globalization :-
- Flow of goods and services.
- Generation of employment opportunities.
- Sharing technology and education.
- Lifestyle change.
- Connect with the people of the world.
- To provide financial strength and make self-reliant.
❇️️ Negative effects of globalization :-
- Decline of small-scale cottage industry.
- Amir gets richer and poorer and poorer.
- cultural decline.
- The dominance of foreign companies in economic activities.
- The hegemony of the capitalists
❇️️️ Types of Globalization :-
๐ธ Political Effects of Globalization :-
๐นGlobalization has reduced the capacity of the state. The state is now confined to a few main functions such as law and order and security.
๐นNow the market is the main determinant of economic and social priorities.
๐นThe primacy of the state remains intact and it is not getting any special challenge from globalization.
๐นAccording to this aspect, due to globalization, with the help of state-of-the-art technology, states can collect information about their citizens and work effectively. So the state has become more powerful.
๐ธ Economic Effects of Globalization :-
๐นFormulation of economic policies by international institutions like International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization. The dominance of rich, influential and developed countries in these institutions.
๐นSignificant reduction in import restrictions.
๐นCapitalist countries benefit from the flow of capital, but lesser names for developing countries due to the lack of free flow of labor.
๐นRestrictions on movement of people by visa policy by developed countries.
๐นDue to globalization, the governments are turning their backs on their social concerns, for that there is a need for social security cover.
๐นCritics of globalization say that it is increasing economic inequality in societies.
๐ธ️ Cultural Effects of Globalization :-
- Promotion of Western cultures in the world through cultural homogeneity.
- Increase in the number of choices in food and drink and clothing.
- The dilemma on cultural changes among people.
- Bad effect on the originality of cultures.
- Cultural diversification in which each culture is becoming more and more distinct and distinct.
- Improvement in the status of women.
- liking rock music.
- End of conservatism.
- Loss of cultural heritage.
- Trend of foreign films.
❇️️️️ India and Globalization :-
๐นAfter independence, India adopted the policy of protectionism and emphasized on its domestic products so that India remains self-reliant.
๐นIndia prepared for globalization by the New Economic Policy implemented in 1991 and adopted a policy of openness .
๐นToday, due to globalization, the economic growth rate of India is increasing at the rate of 7.5% per annum. Which was 5.5% annually in 1990 . NRIs of India are promoting Indian culture abroad.
๐นThe people of India have been successful in establishing their supremacy in computer software.
๐นToday Indian people have been successful in occupying high positions at the global level.
❇️️️️ Opposing Globalization :-
๐นLeftist thinkers criticize its various aspects. He is concerned about the weakening of the state in the political sense.
๐นIn the economic field, they want to create an era of economic dependence and protectionism, at least in some areas.
๐นIn the cultural context, they are concerned that the traditional culture will suffer and people will lose their age-old values and ways of life.
๐นThe World Social Forum (WSF) is a worldwide forum of opposition to neo-liberal globalization, under which human rights activists, environmentalist workers, youth and women's activists come.
๐นIn 1999, there was opposition to the WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle, which was due to the opposition of unfair trade practices by economically powerful countries.
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History – Themes
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Pol
Science – Contemporary World Politics |
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– Politics
in India since Independence |
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Geography – Indian
People and Economy |
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– Fundamental of Human Geography |
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Chapter 1: - Population: Distribution, Density, Growth
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Chapter 12: - Geographical Perspective on Selected
Issues and Problems |
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