📘 Class 7 History – Chapter 4
The Mughal Empire (मुग़ल साम्राज्य)
❓ Question 1.
Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?
✅ Answer:
- Babur founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 CE after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat (1st).
❓ Question 2.
Name the important Mughal rulers in chronological order.
✅ Answer:
- Babur (1526–1530)
- Humayun (1530–1556)
- Akbar (1556–1605)
- Jahangir (1605–1627)
- Shah Jahan (1628–1658)
- Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
❓ Question 3.
What were “mansabdars” in the Mughal administration?
✅ Answer:
- Mansabdars were rank-holding officers in Mughal administration.
- They maintained soldiers according to their rank.
- Paid through jagirs (land revenue assignments).
❓ Question 4.
What was the Zabt system?
✅ Answer:
- Introduced by Akbar.
- Land revenue system based on measurement of land and average produce.
- Collected by amils (revenue officials).
❓ Question 5.
What steps did Akbar take to strengthen the Mughal Empire?
✅ Answer:
- Introduced Mansabdari and Zabt system.
- Followed a policy of religious tolerance (Din-i-Ilahi).
- Married Rajput princesses and gave them high posts.
- Expanded empire across North and Central India.
❓ Question 6.
What was Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi?
✅ Answer:
- A new religion founded by Akbar in 1582.
- Combined good principles of different religions.
- Aim – promote peace, tolerance and unity among subjects.
❓ Question 7.
Why is Jahangir’s reign famous?
✅ Answer:
- Jahangir was known for justice and love for art.
- His court had famous painter Ustad Mansur and poet Abul Hasan.
- His wife Nur Jahan played an active political role.
❓ Question 8.
What are the major contributions of Shah Jahan?
✅ Answer:
- Known as the “Engineer King”.
- Built Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Jama Masjid.
- Promoted fine arts, architecture and culture.
❓ Question 9.
Why is Aurangzeb’s reign considered different from Akbar’s?
✅ Answer:
- Aurangzeb followed strict Islamic policies.
- Re-imposed jaziya tax on Hindus.
- Spent much time in Deccan campaigns.
- Empire expanded but became weaker due to rebellions.
❓ Question 10.
What led to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
✅ Answer:
- Weak successors after Aurangzeb.
- Continuous wars drained treasury.
- Rise of Marathas, Sikhs, Rajputs.
Invasions by Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
