Class 11 Geography Chapter 1 – India: Location Notes in English | NCERT Solutions

Class 11 Geography Chapter 1 – India: Location Notes in English | NCERT Solutions

Class 11 Geography Notes
Published on By Amresh Academy

 

🌍 Class 11 Geography – Chapter 1

India – Location & Status

📌 India – Location on Map

  • Total Area: 32.8 lakh sq. km 🇮🇳

  • Latitudinal Extent (अक्षांशीय विस्तार): 8°4′ N to 37°6′ N

  • Longitudinal Extent (देशांतर विस्तार): 68°7′ E to 97°25′ E

  • North–South Length: 3214 km

  • East–West Length: 2933 km

  • Difference in latitude & longitude extent: ~30°

  • Maritime Boundary (समुद्री सीमा): 12 nautical miles = 21.9 km

📏 Size of India

  • Area: 32.8 lakh sq. km

  • 7th largest country in the world 🌏

🏞️ Distinctive Physical Diversity

  • Northern High Mountains – Himalayas 🏔️

  • Major Rivers – Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri 🌊

  • Forested Hills – NE India & South India 🌲

  • Thar Desert – Spread of Sand 🏜️

  • Mountain Ranges – Hindukush, Suleiman (NW), Purvanchal (NE)

  • Vast Indian Ocean to the South 🌊

🌍 India’s Position in World (by Area)

India = 7th largest country
Countries larger than India:

  1. Russia

  2. Canada

  3. China

  4. USA

  5. Brazil

  6. Australia

🗺️ Subcontinent (उपमहाद्वीप)

👉 A large part of a continent, culturally & geographically distinct.

Indian Subcontinent Includes:

  • India 🇮🇳 (Central)

  • Pakistan 🇵🇰 (NW)

  • Nepal 🇳🇵, Bhutan 🇧🇹 (North)

  • Bangladesh 🇧🇩 (East)

  • Sri Lanka 🇱🇰 (Nearby, sometimes included)

🌊 Indian Ocean – Ocean of India

  • Only ocean named after a country – Indian Ocean 🌊

  • India’s coastline = longest at northern end of IO

  • Central Position: Between West Asia & East Asia → Important for trade & cultural exchange.

⚓ Advantages of India’s Long Coastline

✔️ Development of ports → Employment generation
✔️ Useful waterways → Easy trade
✔️ Links Europe, Africa, West Asia with SE Asia, China, Japan, Australia & USA

⏱️ Time Difference in India

  • East (Arunachal Pradesh) to West (Gujarat) = ~30° longitude

  • 1° longitude = 4 minutes → 30×4 = 120 minutes (2 hours)

  • Hence, 2-hour difference in local time

🌞 Climate Impact (Sun & Monsoon)

  • Temperature 🌡️ + Rainfall 🌧️ = Decide agriculture & economy

  • Agriculture industries & farmers’ livelihood totally depend on them.

🔆 Sun’s Position – Hyderabad vs Delhi

  • Hyderabad (south of Tropic of Cancer): Sun overhead twice a year

  • Delhi (north of Tropic of Cancer): Sun never overhead

🏛️ India – Political Division (2025)

📌 28 States & Capitals

  1. Andhra Pradesh – Amaravati

  2. Arunachal Pradesh – Itanagar

  3. Assam – Dispur

  4. Bihar – Patna

  5. Chhattisgarh – Raipur

  6. Goa – Panaji

  7. Gujarat – Gandhinagar

  8. Haryana – Chandigarh

  9. Himachal Pradesh – Shimla

  10. Jharkhand – Ranchi

  11. Karnataka – Bengaluru

  12. Kerala – Thiruvananthapuram

  13. Madhya Pradesh – Bhopal

  14. Maharashtra – Mumbai

  15. Manipur – Imphal

  16. Meghalaya – Shillong

  17. Mizoram – Aizawl

  18. Nagaland – Kohima

  19. Odisha – Bhubaneswar

  20. Punjab – Chandigarh

  21. Rajasthan – Jaipur

  22. Sikkim – Gangtok

  23. Tamil Nadu – Chennai

  24. Telangana – Hyderabad

  25. Tripura – Agartala

  26. Uttar Pradesh – Lucknow

  27. Uttarakhand – Dehradun

  28. West Bengal – Kolkata

📌 8 Union Territories & Capitals (2025)

  1. Andaman & Nicobar Islands – Port Blair

  2. Chandigarh – Chandigarh

  3. Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu – Daman

  4. Delhi (NCT) – New Delhi

  5. Jammu & Kashmir – Srinagar (Summer), Jammu (Winter)

  6. Ladakh – Leh

  7. Lakshadweep – Kavaratti

  8. Puducherry – Puducherry
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Amresh Academy

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