๐ Class 10 Economics – Chapter 1
๐ Development ๐
๐ What Development Promises – Different Peoples, Different Goals
- Different people have different developmental goals.
- ✅ What may be development for one, may not be the same for another.
- ❌ Sometimes, what is good for one may even be destructive (เคนाเคจिเคाเคฐเค) for others.
๐ฐ Income and Other Goals
- People want more income (เคเคฏ) to improve their life.
- Income is important, but life quality also depends on non-material things like:
- Equal treatment (เคธเคฎाเคจ เคต्เคฏเคตเคนाเคฐ)
- Freedom (เคธ्เคตเคคंเคค्เคฐเคคा)
- Security (เคธुเคฐเค्เคทा)
- Respect (เคธเคฎ्เคฎाเคจ)
- Development = Income + Other Goals ✨
๐ National Development
- Different persons may have different or conflicting (เคตिเคฐोเคงी) views about what national development means.
- Example: One may want dams for electricity, another may lose land because of it.
๐ How to Compare Different Countries or States?
- Income is one of the most important criteria.
- Total income is not useful because population differs.
- So, we use Average Income (Per Capita Income) =
๐ Average Income = Total Income of Country ÷ Total Population
- World Bank Classification (2017):
- Rich Countries → Per capita income US$ 12,056 or more
- Low-Income Countries → Per capita income US$ 955 or less
- Example: India = Low income country
๐ฅ Income and Other Criteria
- Development is not just about money → also about public facilities (เคธाเคฐ्เคตเคเคจिเค เคธुเคตिเคงाเคँ) like:
- Health care ๐ฅ
- Education ๐
- Sanitation ๐ฐ
- Public transport ๐
- Infrastructure ๐
๐ฑ Sustainability of Development
- Sustainable Development (เคธเคคเคค เคตिเคाเคธ) → “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.”
- Scientists warn: Present type of development is not sustainable.
- Examples:
- Overuse of groundwater ๐ง
- Exhaustion of natural resources ๐
✅ Exam Tip: Development = Balance of income, equality, facilities, and sustainability.
