📚 Class 10 Economics – Chapter 1
💠 Development 💠
🌟 What Development Promises – Different Peoples, Different Goals
- Different people have different developmental goals.
- ✅ What may be development for one, may not be the same for another.
- ❌ Sometimes, what is good for one may even be destructive (हानिकारक) for others.
💰 Income and Other Goals
- People want more income (आय) to improve their life.
- Income is important, but life quality also depends on non-material things like:
- Equal treatment (समान व्यवहार)
- Freedom (स्वतंत्रता)
- Security (सुरक्षा)
- Respect (सम्मान)
- Development = Income + Other Goals ✨
🏛 National Development
- Different persons may have different or conflicting (विरोधी) views about what national development means.
- Example: One may want dams for electricity, another may lose land because of it.
📊 How to Compare Different Countries or States?
- Income is one of the most important criteria.
- Total income is not useful because population differs.
- So, we use Average Income (Per Capita Income) =
👉 Average Income = Total Income of Country ÷ Total Population
- World Bank Classification (2017):
- Rich Countries → Per capita income US$ 12,056 or more
- Low-Income Countries → Per capita income US$ 955 or less
- Example: India = Low income country
🏥 Income and Other Criteria
- Development is not just about money → also about public facilities (सार्वजनिक सुविधाएँ) like:
- Health care 🏥
- Education 🎓
- Sanitation 🚰
- Public transport 🚌
- Infrastructure 🏗
🌱 Sustainability of Development
- Sustainable Development (सतत विकास) → “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.”
- Scientists warn: Present type of development is not sustainable.
- Examples:
- Overuse of groundwater 💧
- Exhaustion of natural resources 🌍
✅ Exam Tip: Development = Balance of income, equality, facilities, and sustainability.
