Uncategories END OF BIPOLARITY CH 1 POLITICAL SCIENCE 12TH CBSE BOARD 2024-25 QUICK REVISION | IMPORTANT QUESTION MCQ ASSERTION REASON

END OF BIPOLARITY CH 1 POLITICAL SCIENCE 12TH CBSE BOARD 2024-25 QUICK REVISION | IMPORTANT QUESTION MCQ ASSERTION REASON

Published on By Amresh Academy

Quick Revision - CH -1 book 1

The Soviet System

  • Formation: USSR emerged after the Russian Revolution (1917), based on socialism and equality.

  • Features:

    • Abolition of private property.

    • Planned economy controlled by the state.

    • Dominance of the Communist Party.

    • Eastern European countries under Soviet influence formed the "Socialist Bloc" led by the USSR and bound by the Warsaw Pact.

Soviet Union as a Superpower

  • Post-WWII Growth:

    • Rapid industrialization, communication, energy resources, and transportation.

    • Government ensured basic welfare and minimum living standards.

  • Weaknesses:

    • Bureaucratic, authoritarian, and economically stagnant by the 1970s.

    • Focus on arms race over consumer needs, leading to shortages.

    • Lack of democracy and freedom stifled innovation.

Gorbachev’s Reforms and Disintegration

  • Reforms:

    • Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring).

    • Efforts to normalize ties with the West and democratize the USSR.

  • Causes of Disintegration:

    • Economic stagnation and administrative inefficiency.

    • Rising nationalism in Soviet republics like Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltics.

    • The 1979 invasion of Afghanistan worsened economic and political conditions.

    • 1991 coup and subsequent independence of republics marked the USSR's collapse.

  • Outcome:

    • Russia succeeded the USSR, adopting capitalism and democracy.

    • Formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Global Consequences

  • End of the Cold War: Reduced ideological and military confrontations.

  • Emergence of the US as the sole superpower; capitalism dominated globally.

  • Many former Soviet republics pursued independence and regional alliances (e.g., NATO, EU).

Post-Disintegration Challenges

  • Shock Therapy:

    • Transition to capitalism led by the IMF and World Bank.

    • Rapid privatization caused economic collapse, inflation, unemployment, and poverty.

    • Emergence of economic disparities and organized crime.

  • Conflicts:

    • Secessionist movements in Russia (Chechnya, Dagestan) and civil wars in Tajikistan, Georgia, and Balkans.

    • Ethnic conflicts in Yugoslavia led to NATO intervention.

India and Post-Soviet Nations

  • Strong Indo-Russian relations based on trust and mutual benefits:

    • Strategic agreements, defense, energy, and space collaborations.

    • Shared vision of a multipolar world order.

Important Terms and Events

  • Key Terms: Soviet System, Socialist Bloc, Shock Therapy, Unipolar and Multipolar Systems.

  • Notable Events:

    • Fall of Berlin Wall (1989).

    • Termination of Warsaw Pact (1991).

    • Declaration of independence by Baltic states and other republics (1990-91).

    • Establishment of the CIS (1991).



    Multiple Choice Questions

  1. Which one of the following statements about the Berlin Wall is false?
    a. It symbolized the division between the capitalist and the communist world.
    b. It was built during the Second World War. (Correct Answer)
    c. It was broken by the people on 9 November 1989.
    d. It marked the disintegration of the two parts of Germany.
  1. Which one of the following statements was not a feature of the Soviet system?
    a. A minimum standard of living was ensured to all citizens.
    b. The Soviet Government subsidized the basic necessities.
    c. There was no unemployment.
    d. People had the right to property. (Correct Answer)
  1. Which among the following statements wrongly describes the nature of the Soviet economy?
    a. Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the state.
    b. People enjoyed economic freedom. (Correct Answer)
    c. State ownership/control existed over the factors of production.
    d. Socialism was the dominant ideology.
  1. Which one of the following was not a consequence of disintegration of the USSR?
    a. Russia emerged as a new superpower. (Correct Answer)
    b. Many new states emerged.
    c. The capitalist system emerged as the winner.
    d. Power relations in world politics changed.
  1. Identify the group of countries that had been part of the Soviet Union before its disintegration:
    a. Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia (Correct Answer)
    b. Armenia, West Germany, Azerbaijan
    c. Poland, East Germany, Norway
    d. Norway, Hungary, Romania
  1. Which one of the following was not an outcome of 'Shock Therapy'?
    a. The old system of social welfare got destroyed.
    b. Industries were put up for sale to the private sector.
    c. The value of the Russian currency, the 'Ruble,' rose dramatically. (Correct Answer)
    d. Russia started to import food grains.
  1. Arrange the following in chronological order:
    (i) The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
    (ii) End of Civil War in Tajikistan.
    (iii) A military coup by the Communist Party hardliners.
    (iv) Russian Revolution.
    Correct Sequence: (iv), (i), (iii), (ii) (Correct Answer: c)
  1. Which among the following statements about the Soviet System is not true?
    a. The Soviet Union had complex communication.
    b. It had a complex machinery production system and transport sector that connected its remotest areas with efficiency.
    c. It had a domestic consumer industry that produced everything from pins to cars.
    d. Soviet Union disintegrated in 1992. (Correct Answer)
  1. The President of which Central Asian country appointed himself to power, first for ten years and extended it for another ten years?
    a. Turkmenistan (Correct Answer)
    b. Ukraine
    c. Azerbaijan
    d. Kyrgyzstan
  1. Which among the following is not an outcome of the disintegration of the USSR?
    a. End of the ideological war between the US and the USSR.
    b. Birth of CIS.
    c. Change in balance of power in the world order.
    d. Crisis in the Middle East. (Correct Answer)
  1. Which one of the following is not true about the Soviet system?
    a. Authoritarian
    b. Freedom of speech to all (Correct Answer)
    c. Bureaucratic
    d. Lack of democracy
  1. Which of the following countries was not a part of the Soviet Union?
    a. Ukraine
    b. Georgia
    c. Italy (Correct Answer)
    d. Estonia
  1. Why did Russia become the successor of USSR?
    (i) Russia led the formation of CIS.
    (ii) It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN.
    (iii) It was the largest republic.
    (iv) Boris Yeltsin was more charismatic than Gorbachev.
    Correct Answer: (ii) and (iii) (Correct Answer: b)


    Q14. The statements given below are related to Shock Therapy. Choose the correct option representing only the true statements:
    (i) The value of the Ruble declined due to Shock Therapy.
    (ii) Shock Therapy strengthened Communism.
    (iii) Shock Therapy reduced the prices of goods.
    (iv) Shock Therapy destroyed the old system of social welfare.
    Options:
    a. (i) and (ii)
    b. (ii) and (iii)
    c. (i), (ii), and (iii)
    d. (i) and (iv)
    Answer: d. (i) and (iv)

    Q15. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
    (i) End of the Second World War
    (ii) Disintegration of the USSR
    (iii) Fall of the Berlin Wall
    (iv) Indo-Russian Strategic Agreement
    Options:
    a. (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
    b. (i), (iii), (ii), and (iv)
    c. (i), (iv), (ii), and (iii)
    d. (i), (iv), (iii), and (ii)
    Answer: b. (i), (iii), (ii), and (iv)

    Q16. The most immediate and final cause of the disintegration of the USSR is:
    a. Second World War
    b. Western developments
    c. Gorbachev's policies
    d. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics
    Answer: d. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics

    Q17. Shock Therapy is a phenomenon associated with:
    a. Central Asian conflicts in Tajikistan and Azerbaijan
    b. New international Economic Order
    c. US plans to root out communism
    d. Stabilizing the Russian currency against the US dollar
    Answer: b. New international Economic Order

    Q18. The model of transition influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as:
    a. USSR
    b. Shock Therapy
    c. CENTO
    d. SEATO
    Answer: b. Shock Therapy

    Q19. The result of the Arab Spring was:
    a. Autocratic dictatorship
    b. Socialist system
    c. Post-Cold War
    d. Capitalist system
    Answer: d. Capitalist system

    Q20. The currency that declined after the implementation of Shock Therapy was:
    a. Dollar
    b. Euro
    c. Pound
    d. Ruble
    Answer: d. Ruble

    Q21. Match the following events with their corresponding years:

    Column IColumn II
    A. 1988(i) Fall of the Berlin Wall
    B. 1991(ii) Independence movement in Lithuania
    C. 1989(iii) Coup against Gorbachev
    D. 1990(iv) Termination of Warsaw Pact

    Options:
    a. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)
    b. A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)
    c. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(iii)
    d. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
    Answer: d. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

    Assertion-Reason Type Questions

    Q22.
    Assertion (A): The Soviet Union became stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well.
    Reason (R): The Soviet system was based on the ideology of socialism.
    Answer: b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

    Q23.
    Assertion (A): After the Second World War, the world was divided into Eastern Bloc and Western Bloc.
    Reason (R): Western countries joined the Eastern Bloc.
    Answer: d. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

    Q24.
    Assertion (A): Joseph Stalin's period saw the rapid industrialization of the USSR.
    Reason (R): His period was known as the Great Terror of the 1930s.
    Answer: a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

    Q25.
    Assertion (A): USA became the only powerful country in the world after the collapse of the USSR.
    Reason (R): The Cold War came to an end with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
    Answer: a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

    Q26.
    Assertion (A): Many Western European countries joined NATO.
    Reason (R): It was a military alliance formed by the USA.
    Answer: a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

    Q27.
    Assertion (A): Due to Shock Therapy, the value of the Russian Ruble declined.
    Reason (R): Ruble is not the currency of the USSR.
    Answer: c. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

    Q28.
    Assertion (A): The Soviet Union and Communism collapsed in 1991.
    Reason (R): The internal weakness of the Soviet political and economic institutions failed to meet the aspirations of the Soviet people.
    Answer: a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

    Q29.
    Assertion (A): Shock Therapy was the transition of Communism to Capitalism.
    Reason (R): The collapse of Communism resulted in Shock Therapy.
    Answer: b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

    Assertion-Reason Type Questions

    Q30.
    Assertion (A): India's relations with Russia are an important aspect of India’s foreign policy.
    Reason (R): India maintained good relations with all the post-communist countries.

    Q31.
    Assertion (A): The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense.
    Reason (R): The Soviet system was based on the ideology of socialism.

    Q32.
    Assertion (A): Throughout the Cold War, the industrialized countries of the North tried to ensure a steady flow of resources.
    Reason (R): They deployed military forces near exploitation sites.

    Fill-in-the-Blank Type Questions

    Q34. __________ became general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985 and sought to reform the Soviet system.
    Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

    Q35. The Soviet political system was based on __________ ideology.
    Answer: socialist

    Q36. __________ was the founder of the Bolshevik Communist Party and leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
    Answer: Vladimir Lenin

    Q37. Mikhail Gorbachev appointed __________ as the head of the Communist Party in Moscow.
    Answer: Boris Yeltsin

    Q38. __________ Party dominated the Soviet Union’s political system.
    Answer: Communist

    Q39. The fall of the __________ in 1989 symbolized the fall of communism.
    Answer: Berlin Wall

    Q40. The Soviet invasion of __________ took place in 1979.
    Answer: Afghanistan

    Q41. __________ was the process of transition of socialist blocs to the capitalist ideology.
    Answer: Shock Therapy

    Q42. The Russian Parliament declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
    Answer: 1991

    True or False Type Questions

    Q43. The Soviet Union was more advanced in technology than the Western countries.
    Answer: False

    Q44. After the Second World War, the Soviet economy was more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.
    Answer: True

    Q45. In September 1991, three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became UN members.
    Answer: True

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