Class 12 History NCERT Notes (English) – Chapterwise Summary 2025–26


📝 Session 2025–26 | CBSE Board | Easy Language & Exam Focused

🔢 Chapter

📖 Chapter Title

🗂️ Key Topics Covered

🧱 1

Bricks, Beads and Bones

Harappan Civilization, Town Planning, Trade, Script

👑 2

Kings, Farmers and Towns

Mauryan & Gupta Empires, Agriculture, Urbanisation

🤝 3

Kinship, Caste and Class

Varna System, Caste Structure, Social Order

🛕 4

Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings

Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Religious Architecture

🧳 5

Through the Eyes of Travellers

Accounts of Fa-Hien, Hiuen Tsang, Ibn Battuta etc.

🕉️ 6

Bhakti–Sufi Traditions

Bhakti Saints, Sufi Silsilas, Regional Movements

🏰 7

An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara

Temples, Markets, Royal Life, Urban Planning

🌾 8

Peasants, Zamindars and the State

Mughal Agrarian System, Land Revenue, Villages

📜 9

Kings and Chronicles

Mughal Administration, Inscriptions, Akbarnama etc.

🇬🇧 10

Colonialism and the Countryside

British Revenue Policies, Peasant Movements

🔥 11

Rebels and the Raj

Revolt of 1857 – Causes, Spread, Impact

🏙️ 12

Colonial Cities

Growth of Bombay, Calcutta, Madras under British

✊ 13

Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement

Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India

🧩 14

Understanding Partition

1947 Partition – Riots, Refugees, Politics

📜 15

Framing the Constitution

Constitution Drafting, Assembly Debates, Preamble



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