🌱 Development (विकास)
Definition of Development:
📈 In a narrow sense, development usually refers to economic growth and modernization of society.
🌏 In a broader sense, development represents progress, welfare, and the aspiration for a better life, including both economic growth and improved quality of life.
Global Categories of Development:
🌍 Based on development, the world is divided into three categories:
- 💎 Developed Countries
- 🌿 Developing Countries
- 🌾 Less Developed Countries
Human Development Report:
📊 The Human Development Report by UNDP measures development using literacy, education, life expectancy, maternal mortality, and other social indicators.
Sustainable Development:
🌱 For sustainable development, a balance between the environment and industrial growth is necessary.
💧 Development should prevent environmental pollution and consider ecological preservation.
🌳 Environment and development policies should complement each other for lasting growth.
Current Development Model:
🏭 Developing countries tried to emulate the industrial and educational advancements of Western countries to achieve rapid economic growth.
🔧 Projects included steel plants, mining, fertilizer production, and improved agriculture.
⚡ High energy consumption in this model often costs both society and the environment.
Negative Impacts of Development on Society:
⚠️ Social Consequences:
- Displacement of communities
- Increase in unemployment & poverty
- Unequal distribution of population
- Economic inequality
- Social conflicts & protests
Environmental and Social Costs:
🌊 Large dams and industrial projects displaced people and destroyed traditional skills & culture.
🌿 Flooded land disturbed ecological balance.
🌡️ Increased energy use caused greenhouse gas emissions.
❄️ Melting of Arctic & Antarctic ice threatens low-lying countries like Bangladesh & Maldives.
💰 Economic benefits often do not reach the poorest sections, increasing inequality.
Alternative Concepts of Development:
🗳️ Ensure local decision-making in development strategies.
🌱 Prioritize sustainable, community-inclusive projects.
🌳 Preserve natural resources.
♻️ Adopt lifestyles with minimal non-renewable resource consumption.
💡 Move away from expensive, environmentally harmful, and tech-heavy development approaches.
Sustainable Development (टिकाऊ विकास):
🌿 Strategies that minimize environmental damage, use natural resources wisely, and preserve them for the future.
Human Development Index (HDI) & India:
📊 HDI measures literacy, education, life expectancy, and maternal mortality.
🇮🇳 India’s ranking is based on UNDP’s indicators, guiding policy for better human development.
