🎯 A. Multiple Choice Questions (बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न)
🔵 Q1. Which was the first known city in Mesopotamia?
a) Ur
b) Uruk
c) Lagash
d) Nippur
💬 Ans. b) Uruk (ऊरुक)
🟡 Q2. The drying up of the Euphrates river mainly affected which city?
a) Ur
b) Uruk
c) Kish
d) Mari
💬 Ans. a) Ur (ऊर)
🔴 Q3. Which material was most commonly used for writing in Mesopotamia?
a) Papyrus
b) Palm leaves
c) Clay tablets
d) Animal skin
💬 Ans. c) Clay tablets (मिट्टी की तख्तियां)
🟣 Q4. Which year marks the conquest of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians?
a) 3500 BCE
b) 3200 BCE
c) 2334 BCE
d) 2000 BCE
💬 Ans. c) 2334 BCE (ईसा पूर्व)
✏ B. Fill in the Blanks (रिक्त स्थान भरें)
🔵 1. The earliest cities in Mesopotamia emerged around ______ BCE.
💬 Ans. 3000 BCE (ईसा पूर्व)
🟢 2. Mesopotamia means the land between ______ and ______.
💬 Ans. Tigris and Euphrates (टिग्रिस और यूफ्रेटिस)
🔴 3. The epic poem ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’ was written in ______ language.
💬 Ans. Sumerian (सुमेरी)
🟣 4. The main occupation of Mesopotamians was ______.
💬 Ans. Agriculture (कृषि)
🟡 5. The Mesopotamian number system was based on ______.
💬 Ans. 60 (साठ)
🔄 C. Match the Following (मेल मिलाप करें)
💬 Ans.
1 → a
2 → b
3 → c
4 → d
5 → e
📝 A. Short Question & Answer (संक्षिप्त प्रश्नोत्तर)
🔵 Q1. Which two rivers were crucial for the Mesopotamian civilisation?
💬 Ans. Tigris (टिग्रिस) and Euphrates (यूफ्रेटिस)
🟢 Q2. Who excavated the city of Ur in the 1920s?
💬 Ans. Leonard Woolley (लियोनार्ड वूली)
🔴 Q3. What was the main purpose of a Ziggurat in Mesopotamian cities?
💬 Ans. It served as a temple (मंदिर) and religious centre.
🟣 Q4. Which writing system was developed by the Sumerians?
💬 Ans. Cuneiform script (कीलाक्षर लिपि)
🟡 Q5. Name one major city that declined due to the drying up of river channels.
💬 Ans. Ur (ऊर)
🟢 Q1. Which modern country covers most of ancient Mesopotamia?
💬 Ans. Iraq (इराक) covers most of ancient Mesopotamia.Some parts also extend into Syria (सीरिया) and Turkey (तुर्की).
🟡 Q2. Who were the scribes in Mesopotamia?
💬 Ans. 🖋 Scribes (लेखक) were trained people who wrote and kept records. They worked for temples, kings, and merchants.
🔴 Q3. What were ziggurats used for?
💬 Ans. 🏯 Ziggurats (ज़िगुरैट) were step-shaped temple towers.They were religious centres dedicated to city gods.
🟣 Q4. Name one famous ancient city other than Uruk.
💬 Ans. 🏛 Ur (उर) was an important Mesopotamian city.It was known for trade, temples, and skilled craftsmen.
🟠 Q5. What was the Epic of Gilgamesh?
💬 Ans. 📖 One of the world’s oldest epic poems (महाकाव्य).It narrates the heroic adventures of King Gilgamesh.
